Rubidium (Rb)

Rubidium (Rb) yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg alkali hlau, nrog rau tus lej atomic ntawm 37 thiab nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm thib tsib ntawm lub rooj periodic, Pawg IA. Nws cov khoom ib leeg yog ib qho hlau mos mos dawb nrog qhov ceev ntawm 1.532 g / cm³ (20 ° C), lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm 39.31 ° C, thiab lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm 688 ° C. Lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm rubidium yog [Kr] 5s¹, uas muaj cov khoom txo qis muaj zog (tus qauv electrode muaj peev xwm E ° = -2.98 V). Nws oxidizes sai thiab spontaneously ignites hauv huab cua, thiab reacts violently nrog dej los tsim hydrogen thiab rubidium hydroxide (RbOH).

Tiv tauj peb

cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom

Isotopes thiab cov khoom ntawm nuclear

Cov roj rubidium ntuj muaj ob lub isotopes: Rb-85 (ruaj khov, muaj ntau 72.17%) thiab radioactive Rb-87 (muaj ntau 27.83%, ib nrab lub neej 4.88 × 10¹⁰ xyoo, β lwj los tsim cov Sr-87 ruaj khov). Tus lej quantum spin ntawm Rb-87 yog I = 3/2, thiab nws qhov kev hloov pauv zaus hyperfine (6,834,682,610.904 Hz) yog lub hauv paus ntawm rubidium atomic moos.

Kev npaj thiab kev khaws cia

Cov hlau rubidium yog npaj los ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev txo cov cua sov hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev: rubidium chloride (RbCl) yog siv ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov hlau calcium lossis magnesium yog siv ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, thiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov siab (700–800 ℃) thiab qhov siab qis (

Rubidium yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav inert (xws li argon) lossis roj av kom tsis txhob kov cov pa oxygen thiab dej.

Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb

Lub moos atomic thiab lub sijhawm tseeb: Qhov kev hloov pauv microwave ntawm Rb-87 yog siv rau hauv cov moos rubidium atomic theem nrab (qhov tseeb 10⁻¹¹–10⁻¹²), uas yog siv dav hauv GPS, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus thiab cov txheej txheem kev lag luam nyiaj txiag.

Kev siv tshuab quantum: Cov pa roj rubidium (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rb-85 thiab Rb-87) yog ib qho chaw nruab nrab rau kev sim Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), thiab siv rau kev tshawb fawb txog atomic physics txias thiab quantum simulation.

Cov ntaub ntawv Optoelectronic: Cov tshuaj Rubidium (xws li RbTiOPO₄) muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis sib xws thiab siv rau kev hloov pauv zaus laser.

Kev thaij duab kho mob: Rb-82 (ib nrab-lub neej 1.27 feeb) yog siv los ua tus tracer rau positron emission tomography (PET) rau myocardial perfusion nrhiav.

Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev lom

Hlau rubidium yog ib yam tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai (UN No. 1423), thiab nws qhov xeb thiab kub hnyiab yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv nruj. Kev ua haujlwm sim yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub thawv hnab looj tes uas tsis muaj huab cua, thiab cov khoom pov tseg yuav tsum tau maj mam passivated nrog isopropanol lossis ethanol.

Xaus lus

Ua ib qho khoom muaj nqis rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis siab, rubidium tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, kev tsim kho quantum, thiab kev kho mob nuclear. Nws cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom atomic cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv sijhawm, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no.